Let’s talk about influences again.
Shortly after I got out of high school, some friends turned me on to Philip K. Dick. Now, I had been quite the science fiction reader as a kid, with a library boasting loads of Asimov, Bradbury, Clark, Ellison, Heinlein, Sturgeon, and so on, but this was about the time I started branching out into other forms of fiction. SF, by this time, wasn’t quite as compelling to me as it had been. (To give a reference point, I’ll mention that I finished high school in 1975.)
What set Dick apart? Why was I once again excited about a science fiction writer? Well, this was dark, disturbing stuff. Now, some of these other writers got into the dark areas when they wanted. For example, Ray Bradbury. But his darkness was the fun, Halloween-type darkness, and it was effective because he was one of the great masters of his craft, especially in the early stuff when he was at his creepiest. Harlan Ellison’s dark stuff was clearly allegorical and effective mainly because (at his best) it was written with the passion of a thousand suns. (And these two men will probably get their own posts as influences, but Dick comes first.)
At that time I didn’t know anything about Dick’s personal life. But his books were disturbing. His work up to the late 70’s had some flavor of the old-school “space opera” science fiction, but there was much more to it than that. This stuff had a clear philosophical grounding. He played with reality in interesting ways. These were nightmarish worlds he was creating, and one didn’t get the sense that he was creating them in fun. In fact, maybe he wasn’t creating worlds so much as reflecting one. If we were rooting for the protagonist to prevail, it wasn’t so much because we identified with him. It was because Dick made us feel we had something personal at stake in seeing things come out all right.
Ray’s Philip K. Dick recommendations:
All four novels contained in the volume Four Novels of the 1960s: The Man in the High Castle / The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch / Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? / Ubik
A Scanner Darkly
Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said
Eye in the Sky
A Maze of Death